Old World Fossil Equus (Perissodactyla, Mammalia), Extant Wild Relatives and Incertae Sedis Forms

Discussion of the phylogenetic relations between Plesippus, Allohippus, and Equus. Descriptions illustrations 30 Equid extant fossil species younger than 2 Ma. Particular attention is given to slender forms with short protocones usually referred ‘Equus altidens’ from Süssenborn Untermassfeld (Germany), Akhalkalaki Dmanisi (Georgia), Pirro (Italy), Venta Micena (Spain) Aïn Hanech (Algeria). Occurrence Asinine features in taxa Africa, Greece, Mongolia, North-Eastern Siberia. Supplementary Materials include additional discussions photographs fossils particular (especially those E. altidens marxi by Reichenau) where a new described.